31^st International Conference on Dental Science & Advanced Dentistry June 25-26, 2018 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Il-Shin Kim has completed her PhD at the age of 28 years from Chonnam National University School of Dentistry. She is the professor of Honam University. She is interested in oral health education and prevention of periodontal disease.

Proteasome inhibitors are drugs that block the action of proteasomes which mainly functions in the break down of cellular complexes proteins, like p53 protein.This study investigated the effects of proteasome inhibitor-1 and epoxomicin on osteoblast differentiation in periodontal ligament (PDL) cells and its mechanism. Mouse PDL cells were cultured in DMEM (growth medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% antibiotics) with proteasome inhibitor-1 or epoxomicin. The cells were pre-treated with TNF-α. After 2 days of TNF-α treatment, they were treated with not only proteasome inhibitors but also BMP-2. Metabolic cell activity after 24 hr was measured using WST-1 assay. Real-time PCR were performed to analyze the expression of several genes involved in osteoblast differentiation. Bone forming ability in cell cultures was characterized by examining alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and ALP staining. Activation of phosphor-Smad 1/5/8 and Smad antibodies were determined by western blot analysis. After treatment of TNF-α, BMP-2 with proteasome inhibitor-1 or epoxomicin resulted in the recovery of genes like ALP and bone sialoprotein. Overall, proteasome inhibitors-treated cells increased the expression of ALP and mineralized nodule formation when compared to other controls. Activation of Smad signaling pathway was observed. In the present study, proteasome inhibitors improve the osteoblastic differentiation which was decreased by TNF-α. This suggests that proteasome inhibitors (proteasome inhibitor-1 and epoxomicin) could be a promising therapeutic approach for periodontal diseases.

Dr.Mahsa Ghorbani has completed his PhD at the age of 27 years from Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,and Endodontist specialty studies from Shiraz University. She has published some papers in Iranian journals.

Scientometrics is the study of metrics mainly measuring and analysing science, technology and innovation and focuses on understanding the scientific citations, mapping scientific fields and production of indicators for use in policy and management contexts. The present study was designed to collect the statistical information of endodontic treatment articles by Iranian authors published in PubMed. We searched the PubMed database for endodontic treatment articles globally from February 01, 2016 until February 01, 2018. According to MeSH keyword, Endodontic Treatment was the best keyword to do primary search. After that, the limitation with Clinical Trials and combination with Iran in affiliation field, all abstracts categorized. The data were further analyzed to illustrate the related scientometric indicators. At first, a total of 2,884 articles were retrieved according to all global authors. The proportion of Iranian authors was 10.88% (No.=265). The number of PubMed-indexed publications between 2013 and 2018 showed only 144 (4.99%) articles which were categorized as Clinical Trial. No article was retrieved by Iran author affiliation. According to phases of clinical trial research designs, only 1 article in Clinical Trial Phase I, and 1 article in Clinical Trial Phase II were indexed in subcategory of Clinical Trials, globally. With limitation to Review article, totally, 384 (13.31%) articles were found. By using limitation, the number of Review articles with Iran affiliation were 36 (9.37%). Analysis of PubMed-indexed endodontic treatment publications originating from all of the word in relation to Iranian studies revealed it is necessary a growing trend toward clinical trials studies in Iran. Although, the Iranian proportion in Review articles could be rise in future.

Seokryun Lee is an associate professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental hospital, School of dentistry, Wonkwang university.

Vertical root fractures (VRFs) are complete or incomplete longitudinally oriented fractures of the root, which is usually directed in the buccolingual plan. These fracture generally tend to develop from the apex and extend coronally. It has been described that occlusal prematurities, heavy and stressful chewing or parafunctional habit and resorption-induced weakened root increase occurrence of VRFs. VRFs will generally worsen regardless of any efforts and will eventually result in tooth extraction. Determination of VRFs can be challenging, even for veteran clinicians because the presence of VRFs cannot be readily verified until extraction of the affected tooth. Accurate and timely diagnosis is crucial in VRFs cases through comprehensive clinical, radiographic, and periodontal examination. The purpose of these case series were report to the progression about the diagnosis of VRFs and verifying the fractures of root.The assessment of a potential VRFs may be based on objective and subjective findings. Although VRFs may be observed directly on a periapical radiograph, unfortunately, this is not likely most of the time, the radiograph may not be helpful in diagnosing VRFs. The presence of pain to percussion, palpation, and mastication is sign and symptom that cause starting to observe VRFs and deep narrow periodontal probing can be affect diagnosis of these fractures. Nevertheless, this procedure of the diagnosis yield a kind of prediction rather than a definitive diagnosis. The clinician should synthesize chief complaint, presenting signs and symptoms, and his or her intuition to inform the patient of the probability of VRFs. When VRFs are determined to be present, it is recommended that extraction of the affected tooth as soon as possible. Any delay may increase the possibility of additional periradicular bone loss. Therefore, the measures and means that may allow the clinician to make the diagnosis at early stages are important.

Beatrice Mozzoni is an undergraduate student currently attending the sixth year of Dentistry at University of Parma. Her main interests include bone and dental biomaterials, with focus on pre-clinical laboratory research on osteoblasts and macrophages.

It had been long recognized that macrophages were phagocytic cells mainly involved in foreign body rejection and tissue homeostasis, but the recent discoveries of their polarization against an inflammatory (M1) or reparative (M2) phenotype, as their ability to secrete osteoinductive factors (i.e. BMP-2) have shed new light on a potential pivotal role these cells could play in titanium implant osseointegration process. However, the literature on this topic is still poor and few works have been carried out in order to identify the role of titanium surface properties in guiding macrophage activation and polarization. To this purpose, the goal of the present work was to revise the current literature on in vitro works, which aimed to understand the leading mechanisms supporting macrophages differentiation. The search strategy was implemented on 2 electronic databases and grey literature between May and December 2017. In vitro studies analyzing the response of macrophages to titanium implant surfaces with differences in micro-topography or wettability were considered in the present work if meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Ten records were finally included in the analysis, 8 investigated the response of macrophages to titanium implant surfaces with different micro-topography and 6 to surfaces with different wettability.Findings of records analyzed agreed on the immuno-modulatory effect triggered by surface topography, with rough surfaces that better promote macrophages activation, and hydrophilicity that has a major role in molding the plastic nature of macrophages towards a M2 phenotype.